Geography
| Particulars | Description |
|---|---|
| Location | Pakistan is positioned in the Middle East, a recognized geographical region of southwestern Asia, and is situated in both the northern and eastern hemispheres. |
| Geographic coordinates | 30.3753° N, 69.3451° E |
| Pakistan Standard Time | GMT +5 |
| Telephone Country Code | +92 |
| Border Countries | Pakistan is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and Iran to the southwest while China borders the country in the northeast. |
| Coastline | Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south. |
| Climate | Pakistan lies in the temperate zone, immediately above the tropic of cancer. The climate varies from tropical to temperate. Arid conditions exist in the coastal south, characterized by a monsoon season with adequate rainfall and a dry season with lesser rainfall. Punjab experiences abundant rainfall with wide temperature variations. Rainfall ranges from under 10 inches to over 150 inches annually depending on location. Coastal areas remain warm, while the northern mountains are extremely cold. Pakistan has four seasons: a cool, dry winter (Dec–Feb), a hot, dry spring (Mar–May), a rainy summer monsoon (Jun–Sep), and the retreating monsoon (Oct–Nov). Islamabad temperatures range from 5 °C in January to 40 °C in June, with most rainfall in July–August. Karachi is more humid, with less rainfall and more uniform temperatures between 13 °C and 34 °C. |
| Terrain | Divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochistan Plateau in the south and west. |
| Natural Resources | Water resources, Fuel resources, Agriculture, Fishery, Forestry, Mining |
| Environment – Current Issues | Water pollution from sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff; limited fresh water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification. |
| Environment – International Agreements |
Treaties and Agreements Specific Regions and Seas: Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78) Atmosphere and Climate: Climate Change, Ozone Layer Protection, Nuclear Test Ban Biodiversity, Environment, and Forests: Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Wetlands, Marine Life Conservation Wastes: Hazardous Wastes Rivers: Indus Waters Treaty |
| Geography – Note | The Geography of Pakistan is a blend of plains, deserts, forests, hills, plateaus, and mountains stretching from the Arabian Sea coast in the south to the Karakoram range in the north. |
People
| Particulars | Description |
|---|---|
| Population | 207,774,520 people |
| Population Growth Rate | 2.1 |
| Birth Rate | 29.8/1000 people |
| Death Rate | 7.5 deaths/1000 people |
| Life Expectancy Rate | 67.7 years |
| Sects Ratio | 0–14 years: 35.4% (male 35,475,647 / female 33,586,757) 15–64 years: 60.4% (male 60,766,105 / female 56,886,961) 65 and over: 4.2% (male 3,890,840 / female 4,325,538) (Jan. 2017) |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Ethnic Groups | 44.68% Punjabis, 15.42% Pashtuns, 14.1% Sindhis, 8.38% Saraikis, 7.57% Muhajirs, 3.57% Balochis, 6.28% Others |
| Religions | Islam 96.4%; Christianity, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Atheism, and Others 3.6% |
| Languages |
Official: Urdu, English Regional: Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Saraiki, Kashmiri, Brahui, Hindko, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Burushaski, Kohistani, Wakhi, Yidgha, Dameli, Kalasha, Gawar-Bati, Domaak |
| Literacy | 57% |