Why Hingol National Park Should Be on Every Nature Lover’s Bucket List

I. The Overlooked Treasure of Balochistan

Tucked away along Pakistan’s iconic Makran Coastal Highway, Hingol National Park stretches across more than 6,100 square kilometers, making it the largest national park in the country. What sets it apart, however, isn’t just its size—it’s the staggering diversity packed within its borders. From arid mountains and wind-sculpted cliffs to serene rivers and coastal beaches, Hingol offers a mosaic of ecosystems unlike any other in South Asia.

Despite its raw, untamed beauty and rich ecological importance, Hingol remains one of the most underappreciated treasures of Balochistan. The park’s landscape reads like a natural symphony—home to rare wildlife, geological marvels, and even spiritual sanctuaries like the Hinglaj Mata Temple, which draws hundreds of thousands of pilgrims annually.

But Hingol is more than just a scenic escape. It’s a living ecosystem under threat—and a potential economic powerhouse waiting to be sustainably tapped. According to a comprehensive study by Chakir Ali (2016) from the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Hingol National Park holds an estimated recreational value of over USD 35.11 million annually, making it a critical asset for Pakistan’s ecotourism economy. The study, which utilized the Travel Cost Method (TCM), highlights how nature-based tourism, if managed responsibly, can bring both ecological protection and economic prosperity to the region.

In a time when the world is rediscovering the importance of sustainable travel, Hingol stands as a symbol of possibility: a place where conservation, culture, and community can thrive—if we choose to value it.

II. Geographical Wonders and Unique Landscapes

Hingol National Park is a breathtaking patchwork of some of Pakistan’s most dramatic and varied natural landscapes. Its geographical diversity is one of its most defining features—something that not only makes it visually stunning, but also geologically and ecologically significant.

As you travel through the park, the scenery transforms rapidly. Towering limestone mountains rise beside dry riverbeds that tell stories of ancient waterways. There are salt flats, coastal cliffs, and arid plains, interrupted only by patches of green that spring to life near the Hingol River, the lifeline that snakes through the heart of the park. This river nourishes the park’s freshwater wetlands and supports diverse plant and animal species, forming an oasis within an otherwise arid zone.

Perhaps the most surreal experience is driving through the Makran Coastal Highway, which cuts straight through the park and offers views that seem almost otherworldly. Here, nature has sculpted stone into forms that defy belief. The most iconic of these formations is the Princess of Hope—a towering column of rock shaped remarkably like a regal woman gazing into the distance. Not far from her stands the enigmatic Balochistan Sphinx, another natural formation that eerily resembles the ancient monument in Egypt.

Adding to Hingol’s geological intrigue are its active mud volcanoes, including Chandragup, where thick, cool mud bubbles up from beneath the Earth’s surface. These volcanoes are not only geological phenomena but also hold spiritual significance for pilgrims visiting the Hinglaj Mata Temple, making them both scientific marvels and cultural symbols.

Kund Malir Beach, one of the most pristine and untouched coastal stretches in Pakistan, lies just a short drive through the park. With its golden sands and blue waters juxtaposed against desert cliffs, it’s a favorite among travelers seeking a blend of serenity and spectacle.

What makes this region especially important for geotourism is its tectonic setting. According to a Springer-published study on geotourism in Balochistan, Hingol National Park sits at the convergence of the Indian, Eurasian, and Arabian tectonic plates, leading to significant seismic and geological activity over millennia. This has given rise to the unique formations seen today and classifies Hingol as a potential geoheritage site—one worthy of international recognition and protection.

Complementing this, the SSRN environmental education paper emphasizes the untapped potential of such geological sites in fostering place-based learning, sustainable tourism, and local employment. Hingol, with its striking topography and scientific importance, can become a living classroom and a sustainable travel model—if safeguarded correctly.

From a landscape shaped by ancient forces to features that evoke myths and legends, Hingol’s geography is a masterclass in natural architecture. For the nature lover, the geologist, or the mindful traveler, this park is a world waiting to be explored, layer by fascinating layer.

III. Biodiversity: Where the Wild Still Roams

Hingol National Park is not just a place of stark beauty and geological intrigue—it is a living sanctuary, home to a wide array of native and migratory species that make it one of the most biologically diverse protected areas in Pakistan. Spread across a blend of ecosystems—coastal wetlands, mountainous terrains, arid deserts, and riparian forests—Hingol provides refuge to species that are rare, endangered, and ecologically significant.

Among its most celebrated inhabitants are the 204+ recorded bird species, many of which are either globally threatened or experiencing habitat loss across their migratory routes. According to Babar Hussain’s comprehensive study on the bioecology of birds in Hingol, the park serves as a critical wintering and breeding ground for birds such as:

• Houbara Bustard – an internationally protected migratory bird,

• Imperial Eagle – categorized as vulnerable by IUCN,

• Laggar Falcon, Egyptian Vulture, and Indian Roller.

The diversity in birdlife is tied closely to the park’s range of microhabitats, which shift dramatically between seasons. These ecological corridors allow for year-round avian activity, especially near the Hingol River and wetland pockets that provide essential water sources in the arid landscape.

But birds are just the beginning.

The mammalian fauna of the park includes rare and elusive species, many of which are under considerable threat due to poaching, loss of habitat, and lack of monitoring. Hingol is one of the last remaining strongholds for the Sindh wild goat (Capra aegagrus blythi)—a majestic mountain ungulate known for its steep cliff agility. Also found are:

• Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) – a graceful desert gazelle,

• Indian Pangolin – a critically endangered, nocturnal insectivore,

• Leopards and Striped Hyenas – apex predators that regulate the ecosystem,

• Marsh Crocodiles reside along riverbanks and wetland margins.

The Zoological Society of Pakistan’s journal (2020 issue) underscores the ecological zoning of the park, dividing it into multiple bioregions that support unique species clusters. For instance, coastal zones foster marine life and turtle nesting, while the inland desert ridges shelter dry-adapted mammals and reptiles. The same report raises urgent concerns over the lack of real-time monitoring, highlighting that species like the pangolin and leopard may already be nearing local extinction if active conservation measures aren’t enforced.

This rich biodiversity doesn’t just enrich the park—it sustains it. Every species, from scavenging vultures to herbivorous chinkaras, plays a role in maintaining ecological balance. Yet without robust policies and community-led conservation, this delicate balance risks unraveling.

For the mindful traveler, Hingol offers a rare opportunity: to witness wildlife that has existed here for centuries, on its own terms, in its natural rhythm. And for conservationists, it offers a reminder that preservation must go hand in hand with public engagement, education, and responsible tourism.

Birdlife in Hingol: A Sanctuary for Winged Rarity

 

Amid the wind-carved cliffs and still riverbanks of Hingol National Park, over 204 bird species find refuge—some year-round, others seasonally as part of ancient migratory paths. This makes Hingol not only a visual spectacle for birdwatchers but a critical stopover and nesting ground for species that are globally endangered or experiencing severe habitat loss elsewhere.

The Houbara Bustard: The Most Watched Migrant

The Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) has become a symbol of both ecological significance and conservation controversy in Pakistan. Migrating from Central Asia, this bird arrives in Hingol’s desert plains during the cooler months, drawn to the relative safety and sparse vegetation of the southern terrain. With its muted plumage and slow, deliberate gait, it blends perfectly into the arid scrub—a vital evolutionary trait that allows it to avoid predators.

But camouflage offers no protection from the dangers of illegal hunting, especially during the breeding season. Despite international outcry and legal protections under the IUCN and CITES agreements, the Houbara remains vulnerable due to poaching, often driven by myths about its medicinal or aphrodisiac properties. In Hingol, their survival now depends as much on policy enforcement as it does on ecological conditions.

Imperial Eagle: The Silent Sentinel of the Skies

The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is less frequently seen, but when it appears, it commands the sky. With a wingspan that can exceed two meters, this bird of prey is a solitary hunter that thrives in open, undisturbed landscapes. Its presence in Hingol’s rugged ridgelines and river corridors is a strong indicator of a functioning ecosystem. Babar Hussain’s records note the eagle’s preference for nesting in elevated areas where visibility and thermal updrafts support its sweeping patrols in search of prey.

Its diet includes small mammals, reptiles, and sometimes carrion, making it a key player in regulating ecological balance. But like the bustard, the Imperial Eagle is listed as vulnerable, facing habitat loss due to human encroachment and shrinking prey bases.

Laggar Falcon: Desert’s Fastest Hunter

The Laggar Falcon (Falco jugger) is built for speed and precision. Adapted to the heat and openness of Hingol’s desert environment, this falcon is an agile flier that preys on small birds, rodents, and lizards. Its sharp talons and keen eyesight make it an apex predator within its ecological niche.

However, it too is facing decline due to habitat disturbance and the illegal falconry trade, where it is often trapped and sold, despite legal restrictions. In Hingol, its survival is tied closely to protecting prey populations and maintaining open flight corridors free from interference.

Egyptian Vulture: Nature’s Clean-Up Crew

The Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) may not win beauty contests, but its role in the ecosystem is essential. As a scavenger, it feeds on carcasses and organic waste, reducing the spread of disease and completing the circle of life.

Sadly, this species is now endangered. Threats include poisoned carcasses, electrocution from power lines, and a decrease in available food due to modern livestock disposal practices. Hingol remains one of its last reliable habitats in Balochistan, especially near areas with human settlements or religious gatherings where organic waste is abundant.

Indian Roller: Acrobat of the Air

The Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) adds a burst of color to Hingol’s otherwise earth-toned palette. With its striking blue wings and vibrant chestnut back, it is often seen perched on branches, wires, or rocks, scouting for insects.

This bird is known for its spectacular display flights, especially during the breeding season. It plays a role in pest control and is often considered a good omen in South Asian folklore. While it’s not endangered, habitat loss and pesticide use are emerging concerns.

Wading Birds, Wetland Dwellers, and Desert Songbirds

Hingol’s wetland corridors—particularly near the Hingol River—attract a range of water birds including:

• Egrets and herons, which feed on amphibians and fish;

• Ducks and waterfowl, seasonal visitors that use the park’s waterways as rest stops during migration;

• Lapwings and plovers prefer the muddy riverbanks for foraging and nesting.

In contrast, the desert plains and rocky outcrops are home to:

• Larks and pipits, which thrive in arid conditions and feed on seeds and small insects;

• Buntings, often seen in small flocks, fluttering low to the ground;

• Bee-eaters, which add flashes of green and turquoise as they dart through the air chasing insects.

Each of these birds is uniquely adapted to Hingol’s micro-ecosystems, making the park not only a birdwatcher’s paradise but a vital zone for avian conservation in Pakistan.

Why This Matters

Birds are not only indicators of environmental health, but also key contributors to ecosystem function. Raptors control rodent populations, scavengers clean up carcasses, and insectivores like rollers and bee-eaters help regulate pest species.

Yet, as the Zoological Society of Pakistan journal warns, habitat fragmentation, pollution from tourism, and lack of consistent biodiversity monitoring are placing many of these species under pressure.

Without intervention, Pakistan risks losing some of its most valuable natural heritage. Hingol, with its unique microhabitats and remote location, still has the potential to become a model for avian conservation—but only if protective policies, scientific research, and community participation work in tandem.

IV. Spiritual Pilgrimage & Cultural Relevance

 

Beyond its ecological wonders and geological marvels, Hingol National Park holds deep spiritual meaning, particularly for Pakistan’s Hindu community. Nestled within the rugged terrain of the park lies the Hinglaj Mata Temple, locally known as Nani Mandir, one of the most revered Hindu pilgrimage sites in South Asia. It is not just a place of worship; it is a space where nature and faith converge, creating a profound spiritual atmosphere that transcends boundaries.

Every year, between 200,000 to 300,000 pilgrims from across Pakistan—and even from India—make the arduous journey to this remote sanctuary during the annual Hinglaj Yatra. The pilgrimage includes rituals at several natural landmarks, including the Chandragup Mud Volcano, where pilgrims symbolically cleanse themselves by offering coconuts and prayers before proceeding to the temple. For many, this spiritual experience is not separate from nature—it is deeply embedded in it.

This spiritual significance has created a rare form of cultural syncretism. Despite being located in a predominantly Muslim region, the Hinglaj Mata Temple is respected and protected by local communities and government authorities. The temple is a powerful symbol of religious tolerance and co-existence, showcasing how sacred sites can function as shared cultural assets, rather than contested spaces, when managed with respect and inclusion.

However, the growing number of visitors has placed immense pressure on the park’s fragile ecosystem. According to a research study by Muhammad Buzdar et al. on the Appraisal of Wastewater Generation at Nani Mandir and Holistic Conservation, the volume of wastewater generated during the Yatra exceeds 10.5 million liters per season. With little to no formal sanitation systems in place, the resulting pollution seeps into the Hingol River and surrounding soils, threatening both biodiversity and human health.

The same study emphasizes the urgency of integrating community-based, eco-spiritual planning into the temple’s management. Proposed solutions include:

• Establishing constructed wetlands to naturally filter wastewater,

• Promoting low-impact pilgrim facilities,

• Training local stakeholders to participate in waste management and sustainable site stewardship.

What makes this opportunity so unique is that the religious importance of the site aligns naturally with environmental conservation values. Pilgrims already respect the land as sacred; with proper education and infrastructure, this reverence can be channeled into sustainable behaviors, making Hinglaj not only a place of faith, but also a model of eco-conscious pilgrimage.

In a world where religious tourism often leads to irreversible environmental damage, Hingol presents a rare case: a sacred landscape that still has time to be protected—if we act with both sensitivity and urgency.

V. Conservation Challenges and Environmental Threats

While Hingol National Park stands as a sanctuary of nature, culture, and spirituality, it is increasingly under threat from human activity and environmental neglect. What was once a remote and untouched region is now facing mounting pressures that, if left unaddressed, could irreversibly damage its delicate ecosystems.

One of the most urgent concerns is the issue of wastewater and solid waste management, particularly during the annual Hinglaj Yatra pilgrimage. According to the research by Buzdar et al., over 10.5 million liters of wastewater are generated during the pilgrimage season. With no formal waste treatment infrastructure in place, this effluent directly seeps into the Hingol River and the surrounding soil, contaminating vital water sources for wildlife and damaging sensitive riparian ecosystems.

In addition to wastewater, the accumulation of solid waste—plastic bottles, packaging, food wrappers—along temple routes and rest stops creates both visual pollution and ecological disruption. The natural behavior of wildlife is altered as they interact with human waste, leading to changes in feeding patterns, ingestion of non-biodegradable materials, and increased risk of disease transmission.

Beyond the spiritual corridor, unregulated tourism poses its own challenges. The rise in recreational visitors to Kund Malir Beach, mud volcanoes, and natural formations like the Princess of Hope has not been matched with adequate visitor facilities, zoning, or environmental education. Vehicles often go off designated paths, disturbing plant life and compacting soil. Tourists leave behind waste or camp in areas that serve as breeding grounds for wildlife. Without visitor guidelines and site management plans, Hingol is being consumed by the very attention that is meant to celebrate it.

Another persistent threat is encroachment. Despite being legally protected, Hingol’s boundaries are not clearly demarcated on the ground. This allows illegal grazing, fishing, fuelwood collection, and even settlement expansion in buffer zones of the park. The lack of active monitoring, under-resourced enforcement staff, and the absence of local ranger stations in key areas make the protection of Hingol largely theoretical on paper.

Adding to these anthropogenic threats is the looming shadow of climate change. According to recent findings published in ScienceDirect, shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures are affecting groundwater recharge, shrinking wetland habitats, and stressing native vegetation that supports herbivores like the Sindh wild goat and Chinkara. As water tables fall and droughts become more frequent, the park’s biodiversity is being squeezed from both natural and human fronts.

However, all is not lost. Buzdar et al. recommend the implementation of constructed wetlands as a nature-based solution to treat wastewater in ecologically sensitive zones. These engineered ecosystems mimic natural filtration processes—using plants, soil, and bacteria to clean water before it returns to the environment. When combined with community-based management and visitor education, such solutions can significantly reduce the park’s pollution load while empowering locals to become guardians of the space.

Hingol’s conservation challenges are real, but they are also solvable. What’s needed is a shift in mindset: from passive appreciation to active protection. Without intervention, the park risks becoming a cautionary tale. With thoughtful action, it can become a model of integrated, sustainable conservation.

VI. Community-Based Conservation and Management

The long-term survival of Hingol National Park doesn’t rest solely on government protection or external funding—it depends on the people who live closest to it. The concept of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is increasingly being recognized as the most viable path forward for sustainable conservation in Hingol.

For years, local communities around the park—including fisherfolk, pastoralists, and spiritual caretakers—have coexisted with the landscape. However, they have often been excluded from conservation decision-making, rarely seeing tangible benefits from the tourism that flows through their region. The result? A disconnect between the goals of environmental protection and the lived experiences of the people who are most affected by it.

Studies published in both Springer and ResearchGate emphasize a consistent truth: conservation efforts are most successful when local ownership is prioritized. Communities that understand the value of their natural resources and are included in planning and implementation are more likely to act as stewards of those resources.

Yet currently, there’s a critical lack of awareness among both locals and tourists regarding Hingol’s fragile ecosystems. Tour operators often focus on the visuals—deserts, cliffs, temples—but fail to communicate environmental sensitivity. Similarly, many local residents, due to limited education or lack of formal engagement, remain unaware of the long-term damage caused by unsustainable activities such as overgrazing, illegal wood collection, or unregulated campsite setups.

This is where training and empowerment come into play. By equipping local communities with:

• Eco-guide certifications

• Tourism management workshops

• Sustainable resource use plans
  They can be repositioned not as passive observers, but as active partners in Hingol’s future.

Importantly, this partnership must be more than symbolic. According to economic research, including PIDE’s study on recreational valuation and recent analysis on tourism governance models from SSRN, revenue from tourism should be reinvested directly into local systems, whether through job creation, microgrants, or infrastructure development. A benefit-sharing model, where a percentage of entrance or pilgrimage-related revenues goes toward community welfare, could improve both conservation outcomes and quality of life.

Additionally, involving locals in monitoring biodiversity, maintaining trails, and running eco-lodges or campgrounds creates a self-sustaining system. This approach not only reduces the burden on government agencies but also builds a sense of pride and ownership among the people whose livelihoods are tied to the land.

In short, community-based conservation isn’t just a policy strategy—it’s a mindset shift. It says that conservation should not be imposed on communities, but co-created with them. Hingol National Park, with its mix of natural heritage and spiritual significance, offers the perfect canvas to build this new model—one where people protect the land not because they’re told to, but because they’ve helped shape the plan and share in the outcome.

VII. Eco-Tourism Potential & Economic Value

Hingol National Park is more than just a conservation zone—it is a sleeping giant of eco-tourism potential, capable of transforming both local economies and national perceptions of protected areas. If developed responsibly, Hingol can emerge not just as a travel destination but as a sustainable economic engine for the region.

A landmark study by Chakir Ali (2016) from the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) used the Travel Cost Method (TCM) to estimate the annual recreational value of Hingol National Park at USD 35.11 million. This valuation doesn’t just highlight what Hingol is worth today—it offers a glimpse into what it could become with strategic investment in eco-tourism.

This value reflects more than ticket sales or tour packages—it reflects the total consumer surplus: what visitors are willing to spend for the experience of untouched nature, sacred pilgrimage, and serene escape from urban chaos. And it points to a truth long understood in conservation: nature is not just beautiful—it’s economically valuable.

Eco-tourism, if done right, brings value on multiple fronts:

• Rural Livelihoods: Local communities can benefit from job creation, as guides, camp operators, artisans, transport providers, or eco-lodge hosts.

• Tourism Operators: With structured routes and permits, professional tour companies can offer curated wildlife tours, geotourism trails, nature photography expeditions, and low-impact camping packages.

• Conservation Efforts: A portion of tourism revenue can fund habitat restoration, waste management systems, and biodiversity monitoring.

But this value can only be unlocked through responsible planning. Hingol currently lacks a formal visitor fee structure, which means tourism often happens without accountability or benefit-sharing. To address this, researchers and planners recommend implementing:

• A tiered entrance fee system (domestic, foreign, student, religious pilgrim).

• Eco-permit zones for specific activities like camping, photography, or mud volcano visits.

• Local service taxes or conservation fees are bundled into tour packages and directly reinvested into community welfare and park management.

Additionally, Hingol’s natural layout offers immense potential for zoned tourism development, where sensitive biodiversity corridors are off-limits and high-traffic zones like Kund Malir or the Princess of Hope are equipped with basic amenities and educational signage.

The benefit of this model is not just financial—it builds a sustainable relationship between tourists, locals, and the landscape. Visitors get a meaningful experience; communities earn income and purpose; the ecosystem receives the care and attention it deserves.

In short, Hingol doesn’t need mass tourism—it needs managed tourism. A future where fewer visitors stay longer, learn more, spend responsibly, and leave lighter footprints. If implemented with care and collaboration, Hingol National Park could very well become Pakistan’s flagship model for eco-tourism done right.

Also See: National Parks in Pakistan

VIII. Responsible Travel: How to Visit Without Harming

Visiting a place as raw and majestic as Hingol National Park is a privilege, and with privilege comes responsibility. As interest in Hingol continues to grow, especially during pilgrimage season and long weekends, it’s essential that every visitor understands their impact on the ecosystem and makes informed, respectful choices.

The best time to visit Hingol is between October and March, when temperatures are cooler, the landscape is more vibrant, and the risk of heat-related stress for both visitors and wildlife is significantly reduced. During this window, the Makran Coastal Highway offers a scenic 240-kilometer drive from Karachi, winding through canyons, coastal plains, and geological wonders that prepare you for the immersive experience that awaits.

But the real journey begins after arrival, not just in miles, but in mindset.

Hingol’s environment is fragile. The creatures that call it home—many of them endangered—rely on specific habitats that can be disrupted by noise, pollution, and off-road movement. The park’s rivers, cliffs, and desert ecosystems are not designed to absorb mass tourism without consequences. That’s why responsible travel isn’t just recommended—it’s necessary.

Here are a few ways travelers can minimize harm and maximize their contribution:

• Carry out what you carry in. Don’t leave behind plastic, food waste, or even biodegradable material in non-designated areas. Hingol lacks a proper waste collection system—what you leave may stay for years.

• Use eco-friendly services. Opt for tour operators and campsites that practice sustainability—whether through solar energy, waste segregation, or limiting water usage.

• Avoid peak crowd seasons. If possible, plan your trip during off-peak times. This reduces pressure on the ecosystem and offers a more peaceful, personal experience.

• Hire local guides. Not only does this support the local economy, but these guides often provide deeper cultural and ecological insight. They also help regulate visitor behavior in sensitive areas.

• Respect wildlife boundaries. Don’t chase animals for photos, use drones without permission, or feed wildlife. Observation should always be passive and from a distance.

• Support local eco-initiatives. Buy from local vendors, donate to conservation causes, and encourage businesses that give back to the park.

• Educate others. Whether you’re posting on social media or sharing stories with friends, include messages about environmental responsibility and help spread awareness.

Hingol offers travelers something rare: a chance to connect deeply with nature in its rawest form. But to keep that magic alive, every visitor must become a steward—someone who doesn’t just consume the beauty of a place, but protects it for those who come next.

Because in the end, truly experiencing a place means leaving it better than you found it.

IX. A Living Testament to Nature’s Grandeur

Hingol National Park is more than a protected area—it is a living mosaic of nature’s grandeur, spiritual depth, and geological marvels. From its soaring cliffs and bubbling mud volcanoes to the cries of migratory birds and the quiet chants of pilgrims at Hinglaj Mata Temple, Hingol offers an experience that transcends typical tourism. It is a space where time slows down, and where every ridge, river, and rock tells a story millions of years in the making.

Ecologically, it safeguards rare species and habitats that are increasingly scarce in South Asia. Spiritually, it welcomes pilgrims and seekers with centuries-old traditions tied to sacred earth. Geologically, it stands as a testament to the power of tectonic forces and natural evolution. Yet despite this incredible significance, Hingol stands at a crossroads.

Unchecked tourism, waste mismanagement, weak enforcement, and climate change are threatening to unravel what remains wild. But it doesn’t have to be this way. With thoughtful planning, community ownership, scientific support, and responsible visitation, Hingol can become a model for sustainable conservation and eco-tourism in Pakistan—a park that sustains both its people and its planet.

Let this blog serve not just as an invitation, but as a reminder and a responsibility. When you visit Hingol, you’re not just taking a trip—you’re entering a sacred, living ecosystem that depends on you just as much as you depend on it.

Because Hingol is not just a destination—it’s a call to action for every nature lover.

Resources

1. Ali, C. (2016). Estimating the Recreational Value of Hingol National Park, Balochistan, Pakistan. MPhil Thesis, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE). Link to Thesis

2. Buzdar, M. A., et al. (2023). Appraisal of Wastewater Generation at Nani Mandir of Hingol National Park and Community-Based Holistic Conservation. ResearchGate. View PDF

3. Hussain, B. (2014). Bioecology and Conservation of the Birds of Hingol National Park, Balochistan. ResearchGate. Read Full Paper

4. SpringerLink (2021). Geotourism Potential of Balochistan: A Geoheritage Perspective. Springer Journal of Geoheritage. Access Article

5. SSRN (2024). Environmental Education and Geo-Heritage-Based Sustainable Development in Protected Areas. SSRN Article

6. ScienceDirect (2024). Climate-Induced Impacts on Protected Areas of Pakistan: A Study of Hingol’s Ecological Stressors. Access Article

7. Zoological Society of Pakistan (2020). Ecological Zoning and Avifaunal Distribution in Hingol National Park. ZSP Journal PDF

8. CiteseerX (2015). Tourism Development and Biodiversity Threats in Balochistan’s Coastal Belt. Access PDF

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